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古时妻子称丈夫为：“良人”，后来“良”字就演变出“郎”与“娘”，丈夫称“郎君”，妻子称“娘子”。到了宋朝，丈夫的地位又进一步提高，称为“官人”，因宫廷出现：“官家”一词，于是民间就有了“官人”的称谓。“外人”、“外子”、“相公”等，都是丈夫名称更进一步的演变。直到民国时期，“先生”这个名词才流行起来。以往教书的称“先生”，丈夫也称
The American anthropologist-linguist Edward Sapir and his student Benjamin Lee Whorf proposed a sweeping, two-pronged hypothesis concerning language and thought.
The Sapir-Whorf theory, named after the American lingu
萨丕尔-沃尔夫假说有两个部分：
1 语言决定论，即一个人的思维完全由母语决定，因为一个人只能根据其母语中编码设定的范畴和区别定义来认识世界；
2 语言相对论， 即语言结构有无限的多样性，因此一种语言系统中所编定的范畴类别和区分定义为该语言系统所独有，与其他语言系统中所编定的范畴类别和区分定义不同。
一个是强势说，是“萨丕尔——沃尔夫假说”的初始假说，认为语言在塑造我们思维的过程中起决定性作用；一个是弱式说，是初始假说的修正形式，认为语言、文化、思维之间具有相关性。
Finally, the term dialect, particularly when it is used in reference to regional variation, should not be confused with the term accent. Standard English, for
For general linguistics, a speech community is all the people who speak a single language (like English or French or Amharic) and so share notions of what is s
There are several possible relationships between language and society. One is that social structure may either influence or determine linguistic structure and/or behavior. C
Sociolinguistics and the Sociology of Language